Hossain. The window woman is a mysterious woman who lives in an apartment right above where Parvana sits in the market. Parvana only sees the woman once and never learns her name, but they form a friendship of sorts as the Window Woman drops occasional gifts onto Parvana’s blanket below, such as pieces of embroidery or painted beads. Parvana ...Father Character Analysis. During the bombing in Kabul, Parvana ’s father lost one of his legs and suffered internal damage that Parvana doesn’t entirely understand, so he is often tired. Because he sold his prosthesis, he relies on a walking stick to travel short distances and Parvana to help him travel longer distances.Jul 23, 2002 · 13 reviews. April 30, 2013. Parvana's Journey by, Deborah Ellis is a continuation of the parvana's trials. Parvana goes on a journey looking for her family and picks up a few friends along the way. Following Parvana through the barren landscape of the Taliban infested deserts of Afghanistan is almost to much to bear. Parvana spends her first morning back in the market writing letters. The Window Woman drops a red wooden bead. As Parvana rolls it between her fingers, she thinks of Nooria. Nooria hasn’t been nasty to Parvana in a while. Parvana wonders if she’s changed or if Nooria has. In any case, arguing with Nooria no longer makes sense. A long-time feminist and anti-war activist, she is best known for The Parvana Trilogy, which has been published around the world in seventeen languages, with more than a million dollars in royalties donated to Street Kids International and to Women for Women, an organization that supports health and education projects in Afghanistan. In 2006 ...Sep 16, 2015 · Character Descriptions. Parvana is the main protagonist in the novel. She is the second eldest child in the family. Although she is only eleven years old, she has to handle a great amount of responsibility by being the breadwinner. Throughout the novel, Parvana’s character is seen as: courageous, strong, independent and caring. Analysis. Parvana whispers and confirms that the girl is Shauzia. Shauzia says her name now is Shafiq and Parvana says that she’s Kaseem. Shauzia says that she’s working, the same as Parvana, and promises to come back later. Stunned, Parvana watches Shauzia for a while and then decides she could put Shauzia in danger by staring. Important Quotes. “‘A lot of people have died here,’ the man who had helped her said. ‘Sometimes we are bombed by the Taliban. Sometimes we are bombed by the other side. We used to be farmers. Now we are targets.’”. These words from one of the village men who helps Parvana bury her father highlight the senselessness of the war.The Breadwinner Summary. Next. Chapter 1. Eleven-year-old Parvana sits with Father in the market. He’s reading a letter for a customer. Until a year ago, when the Taliban took control of Kabul, Parvana was a happy student. She wasn’t particularly concerned when the Taliban closed schools and insisted girls couldn’t learn. What was Parvana so scared the Taliban would find and take when they searched their home? bread. fine clothing. her diary. books. 15. Multiple-choice. 3 minutes. 1 pt.Chapter 2 Parvana completes her chores and helps to prepare dinner, and her father tells the story of Malali. Taliban soldiers burst in and take Parvana’s father away, beating and terrorizing the rest of the family as they do so. Chapter 3 Parvana and her mother go to the prison and demand her father’s release, but are beaten by Parvana clings to him tightly. Mrs. Weera helps Father lie down and the two men who helped Father say that they found Father outside the prison, unable to go anywhere. They brought him in a cart. As the men have tea with Mrs. Weera, Parvana clings to Father and weeps, but she gets up and thanks the men before they leave.Discover and share books you love on Goodreads.QUOTES: 1. "Parvana held her breath every time her mother did this. Photographs were illegal." page 42. This quote impacted me because it shows the immense oppression that people in Afghanistan are under. This is also supported with the evidence provided earlier on in the book when the author listed many decrees the Taliban had enforced on people. Parvana decides the wind carried it to her blanket but a few days later, she discovers a beaded bracelet on her blanket. She looks up and sees that the window is open. Stepping closer, Parvana catches sight of the woman inside. The Window Woman smiles and shuts her window. A few days later, Parvana laughs as a tea boy almost collides with a donkey. Feb 6, 2022 · Parvana Irani is like a partially fictional character. Parvana’s characterization and the whole storyline is created to have the influence of fiction in the show Rocket Boys. The character is mainly and highly inspired by Phiroza who is nicknamed “Pipsy” Wadia. Pipsy was considered Bhabha’s close friend. Parvana sees a young Talib man holding a rope strung with four severed hands, like beads on a necklace. In chapter twelve Parvana stays home for a few days, wanting not to see anything ugly for a little while. Mother and Mrs. Weera heard about the stadium event: it goes on every Friday. Parvana wonders if her father will be taken there.Mar 2, 2022 · The Breadwinner, also known as Parvana, is a children's novel by Deborah Ellis published in 2000. In 1996, Ellis spent several months visiting women and girls living in Pakistan's refugee camps ... Discover and share books you love on Goodreads.Analysis. Parvana and Mother get home late. Parvana is exhausted and in excruciating pain. When she takes off her sandals, she sees that her feet are bloody and covered in blisters. Mother’s feet are worse; she hasn’t been out since the Taliban took over a year and a half ago. She could’ve gone out— Father would’ve taken her any time ... Deborah Ellis’s new novel, My Name Is Parvana is a follow-up to her Breadwinner trilogy about 11-year old Parvana, who disguises herself as a boy in order to work and support her family, and her ...Parvana is a novel written by Deborah Ellis. Parvana and Shauzia are 2 young girls who life in a Taliban ruled country, known as Afghanistan. Both girls are faced with many difficulties throughout the novel. The 2 girls are given the chance to leave the war-torn country and Shauzia immediately takes this chance.Parvana is the protagonist; the antagonists include the Taliban and Parvana's older sister. Major Conflict The novel's major conflict is that Parvana must disguise herself as a boy to make money to support her mother, older sister, and two younger siblings; Parvana is always under threat from the Taliban, who decree that women and girls must ...Parvana’s parents had high-paying jobs and the family lived in a big house with servants, a fridge, and a car. Parvana shared a room with Maryam, but there was enough space. A bomb destroyed that house, and several of their increasingly smaller houses after that. Every time a bomb hit, the family got poorer. Discover and share books you love on Goodreads. Important Quotes. “‘A lot of people have died here,’ the man who had helped her said. ‘Sometimes we are bombed by the Taliban. Sometimes we are bombed by the other side. We used to be farmers. Now we are targets.’”. These words from one of the village men who helps Parvana bury her father highlight the senselessness of the war.Parvana was one of the lucky ones. Both of her parents had been to university, and they believed in education for everyone, even girls. Customers came and went as the afternoon wore on. Most spoke Dari, the same language Parvana spoke best. When a customer spoke Pashtu, she could recognize most of it, but not all. Her parents could speak ...Discover and share books you love on Goodreads.Parvana relates a story about the mountain. She asked her father what the mountain name was and he answered: "Mount Parvana" (1.52). Father told her that people name mountains, so that's what he named this one; the whole liked that. Parvana. Parvana is not your typical eleven-year-old girl, but she would certainly like to be. She is living in Kabul—a city in Afghanistan—under Taliban rule, so she is surrounded by violence, oppression, and poverty… and before long, her family sees her as their only hope for survival. No pressure or anything though.Parvana remembered arguments between her father and mother—her mother insisting they leave Afghanistan, her father insisting they stay. For the first time, Parvana wondered why her mother didn’t just leave. In an instant, she answered her own question. She couldn’t sneak away with four children to take care of. In 2011, Ellis picked Parvana’s story up again when Parvana is 15 and captured by the U.S. military in My Name is Parvana. Many of Ellis’s children’s books, like The Breadwinner, begin with a visit to a country experiencing a humanitarian crisis and then focus on the resilience of the children caught up in that crisis.Parvana decides the wind carried it to her blanket but a few days later, she discovers a beaded bracelet on her blanket. She looks up and sees that the window is open. Stepping closer, Parvana catches sight of the woman inside. The Window Woman smiles and shuts her window. A few days later, Parvana laughs as a tea boy almost collides with a donkey. Show another code: Type the code shown: The submitted code is incorrect: Forgot Password?Parvana says they tried that and it only made things worse. One of the husbands from the women’s group volunteers to be the escort for the women traveling to Mazar. They would be traveling in the back of a truck. Parvana wanders the market looking for things to give her family for the trip. She buys a beaded pen case for Nooria.Analysis. Parvana and Mother get home late. Parvana is exhausted and in excruciating pain. When she takes off her sandals, she sees that her feet are bloody and covered in blisters. Mother’s feet are worse; she hasn’t been out since the Taliban took over a year and a half ago. She could’ve gone out— Father would’ve taken her any time ... Parvana hears Father ’s voice in her head calling her Malali, and she begins to shout for Father as well. Finally, a soldier snatches the photograph and tears it up and another begins beating Mother. He tells her to go home. Another solider hits Parvana. When Parvana falls to the ground, she quickly gathers the pieces of the photograph.Parvana is the novel’s 11-year-old protagonist. She’s proud of being Afghan and adores Afghan history. She’s particularly fond of the historical figure Malali , who led Afghan troops to victory during the war with the… Parvana. Parvana, an 11-year-old Afghan girl, is a dynamic character who matures through the story. When the novel begins, Parvana helps her father reach the market. The Talibs they encounter reluctantly allow this; Parvana is not yet old enough to be expected to wear a burqa and remain behind a blacked-out window due to being female.498 Words2 Pages. Parvana Essay The novel Parvana written by Deborah Ellis shows the reader the difficulties people have to face in everyday life in Afghanistan, where the Taliban take control of everyone. This book is mainly about Parvana a young girl who’s willing to take risks to support her family . her doings demonstrates independence ... Parvana spends her first morning back in the market writing letters. The Window Woman drops a red wooden bead. As Parvana rolls it between her fingers, she thinks of Nooria. Nooria hasn’t been nasty to Parvana in a while. Parvana wonders if she’s changed or if Nooria has. In any case, arguing with Nooria no longer makes sense. Analysis. Parvana and Mother get home late. Parvana is exhausted and in excruciating pain. When she takes off her sandals, she sees that her feet are bloody and covered in blisters. Mother’s feet are worse; she hasn’t been out since the Taliban took over a year and a half ago. She could’ve gone out— Father would’ve taken her any time ...QUOTES: 1. "Parvana held her breath every time her mother did this. Photographs were illegal." page 42. This quote impacted me because it shows the immense oppression that people in Afghanistan are under. This is also supported with the evidence provided earlier on in the book when the author listed many decrees the Taliban had enforced on people. Parvana notices a tear in the soldier’s eye. He says that his wife is dead. He found the letter in her things and wanted to know what it said. Remembering what Father did, Parvana asks if she should write a reply. The soldier shakes his head and pays Parvana. He walks away. Parvana is confused.Father Character Analysis. During the bombing in Kabul, Parvana ’s father lost one of his legs and suffered internal damage that Parvana doesn’t entirely understand, so he is often tired. Because he sold his prosthesis, he relies on a walking stick to travel short distances and Parvana to help him travel longer distances. Parvana thinks of all the hard work that her aunt put into the shalwar kameez and names a price. She and the customer haggle and finally agree on a price. It feels so good to make money that Parvana almost doesn’t regret selling it. Parvana stays for a few more hours until she realizes she has to go to the bathroom. Hence, Parvana and her family's lives have been an ordeal since they came under rule. They've lost their privilege to attain an education and career - even the women's right to be unsupervised by a man while outside and are enforced to wear concealing clothing. The Taliban make a dramatic entry in the novel in chapter 10 as " four Taliban ... Parvana's Journey. The Breadwinner, also known as Parvana, [1] is a children's novel by Deborah Ellis, [2] first published in 2001. As of October 2013, the English-language edition of the book has had a run of 39 editions. The title of the book refers to the role of the protagonist, 11-year-old Parvana, who is forced by circumstances to be the ...Dec 29, 2021 · The Breadwinner is a novel by Deborah Ellis. Ellis, a Canadian peace activist, visited Afghan refugees in Pakistan in 1996. There, she learned about a girl who had disguised herself as a boy to ... 13 reviews. April 30, 2013. Parvana's Journey by, Deborah Ellis is a continuation of the parvana's trials. Parvana goes on a journey looking for her family and picks up a few friends along the way. Following Parvana through the barren landscape of the Taliban infested deserts of Afghanistan is almost to much to bear.Parvana relates a story about the mountain. She asked her father what the mountain name was and he answered: "Mount Parvana" (1.52). Father told her that people name mountains, so that's what he named this one; the whole liked that.QUOTES: 1. "Parvana held her breath every time her mother did this. Photographs were illegal." page 42. This quote impacted me because it shows the immense oppression that people in Afghanistan are under. This is also supported with the evidence provided earlier on in the book when the author listed many decrees the Taliban had enforced on people.The Parvana team share in the same values. Our team is dedicated and committed to finding you your dream job. We have hired the best recruitment agents in Cape Town & the UK to work together to achieve ...Parvana is the protagonist; the antagonists include the Taliban and Parvana's older sister. Major Conflict The novel's major conflict is that Parvana must disguise herself as a boy to make money to support her mother, older sister, and two younger siblings; Parvana is always under threat from the Taliban, who decree that women and girls must ... Feb 6, 2022 · Parvana Irani is like a partially fictional character. Parvana’s characterization and the whole storyline is created to have the influence of fiction in the show Rocket Boys. The character is mainly and highly inspired by Phiroza who is nicknamed “Pipsy” Wadia. Pipsy was considered Bhabha’s close friend. Shop Pravana at Ulta Beauty. Free Shipping Offers & Free Store Pickup Available Same Day. Join ULTAmate Rewards To Earn Points.Parvana. Parvana is not your typical eleven-year-old girl, but she would certainly like to be. She is living in Kabul—a city in Afghanistan—under Taliban rule, so she is surrounded by violence, oppression, and poverty… and before long, her family sees her as their only hope for survival. No pressure or anything though.Parvana was one of the lucky ones. Both of her parents had been to university, and they believed in education for everyone, even girls. Customers came and went as the afternoon wore on. Most spoke Dari, the same language Parvana spoke best. When a customer spoke Pashtu, she could recognize most of it, but not all. Her parents could speak ... Bright Young Things. Parvana is the story of an eleven-year-old girl who longs for a normal life in 1990s Afghanistan. This novel study includes 78 pages of resources including factual background text passages, comprehension, spelling and vocabulary, reading activities, quiz questions and general activities. Parvana is an 11-year-old girl growing up under the Taliban in Afghanistan in 2001. When her father is wrongfully arrested, Parvana cuts off her hair and dresses like a boy in order to support her family. Working alongside her friend Shauzia, Parvana discovers a new world of freedom-and danger. With undaunted courage, Parvana draws strength ...Essay, Pages 14 (3260 words) Views. 1186. The book Parvana is about an 11-year-old girl living in Afghanistan, under the extreme Taliban regime. The Taliban ban women from going outside without a man and Afghan women are forced to wear the burqa at all times in public. Her family lost almost everything due to the bombings/wars in Afghanistan.47120972. Followed by. Parvana's Journey. The Breadwinner, also known as Parvana, [1] is a children's novel by Deborah Ellis, [2] first published in 2001. As of October 2013, the English-language edition of the book has had a run of 39 editions. The title of the book refers to the role of the protagonist, 11-year-old Parvana, who is forced by ... Summary. Parvana and her mother arrive home from the prison very late. Parvana’s feet are covered in broken blisters, bloody and raw. Her mother’s feet are even worse. She hasn’t been out of the house since the Taliban took over Kabul. Parvana recalls an argument her parents often had, in which her father tried to get her mother to leave ...A long-time feminist and anti-war activist, she is best known for The Parvana Trilogy, which has been published around the world in seventeen languages, with more than a million dollars in royalties donated to Street Kids International and to Women for Women, an organization that supports health and education projects in Afghanistan. In 2006 ...Parvana declines—she doesn’t think she can leave her family—but she tells Shauzia about the Window Woman and her gifts. Shauzia wonders if the woman is a princess and Parvana briefly imagines herself saving the princess and riding away with her to safety. PRAVANA is a leading line of hair color, care and style products for salon professionals.Parvana. Deborah Ellis. Allen & Unwin, 2002 - Afghanistan - 172 pages. There are many types of battle in Afghanistan. Imagine living in a country where women and girls are not allowed to leave the house without a man. Imagine having to wear clothes that cover every part of your body, including your face, whenever you go out. Parvana began to tremble." - Page 79 Parvana was terrified when the Taliban had stopped at her stall and asked to read his letter. Parvana wasn't the only experienced character who felt this feeling. "Fear comes from uncertainty; we can eliminate the fear within us when we know ourselves better." Perseverance.Mar 2, 2022 · The Breadwinner, also known as Parvana, is a children's novel by Deborah Ellis published in 2000. In 1996, Ellis spent several months visiting women and girls living in Pakistan's refugee camps ... Parvana. Parvana is not your typical eleven-year-old girl, but she would certainly like to be. She is living in Kabul—a city in Afghanistan—under Taliban rule, so she is surrounded by violence, oppression, and poverty… and before long, her family sees her as their only hope for survival. No pressure or anything though.In the novel, ‘Parvana’ by Deborah Ellis, many characters experience change. Change is often thought of a process where a person or thing transform/convert to be different or becomes from one thing to another. It also means that to substitute another or other for exchange for something else, usually of the same kind. Parvana. Parvana, an 11-year-old Afghan girl, is a dynamic character who matures through the story. When the novel begins, Parvana helps her father reach the market. The Talibs they encounter reluctantly allow this; Parvana is not yet old enough to be expected to wear a burqa and remain behind a blacked-out window due to being female. Parvana is the protagonist; the antagonists include the Taliban and Parvana's older sister. Major Conflict The novel's major conflict is that Parvana must disguise herself as a boy to make money to support her mother, older sister, and two younger siblings; Parvana is always under threat from the Taliban, who decree that women and girls must ...Parvana is an 11-year-old girl who lives under Taliban rule in Afghanistan in 2001. After the wrongful arrest of her father, Parvana cuts off her hair and dresses like a boy to support her family. Parvana is the novel’s 11-year-old protagonist. She’s proud of being Afghan and adores Afghan history. She’s particularly fond of the historical figure Malali, who led Afghan troops to victory during the war with the British. Thinking of Malali often reminds Parvana to be brave. In many ways, Parvana is still a child, even though she has ... Parvana’s father sold his false leg because somebody offered him a great deal of money for it. 7. How does Parvana’s sister remember Kabul? How does Parvana know Kabul? Describe each and provide examples from the book. Parvana’s sister remembers Kabul as a place with whole sidewalks, traffic lightsMrs. Weera Character Analysis. Shauzia. Mrs. Weera, an older woman, is a friend of Parvana ’s family. A former gym teacher, Mrs. Weera is tall and athletic, and she insists that she’s not afraid of the Taliban because she could outrun the soldiers—and outfight them if necessary. In her youth she was a runner and earned medals for her ... Shop Pravana at Ulta Beauty. Free Shipping Offers & Free Store Pickup Available Same Day. Join ULTAmate Rewards To Earn Points. In Parvana’s story, Sulayman is shown as having very curly hair, a unibrow, dark brown eyes, and a gap in between his two front teeth. Parvana, on the other hand, has straight hair, normal eyebrows, green eyes, and normal two front teeth. Intergenerational Friendship: Strikes up a friendship with Razaq.Parvana clings to him tightly. Mrs. Weera helps Father lie down and the two men who helped Father say that they found Father outside the prison, unable to go anywhere. They brought him in a cart. As the men have tea with Mrs. Weera, Parvana clings to Father and weeps, but she gets up and thanks the men before they leave. Mrs. Weera Character Analysis. Shauzia. Mrs. Weera, an older woman, is a friend of Parvana ’s family. A former gym teacher, Mrs. Weera is tall and athletic, and she insists that she’s not afraid of the Taliban because she could outrun the soldiers—and outfight them if necessary. In her youth she was a runner and earned medals for her ... Mrs. Weera Character Analysis. Shauzia. Mrs. Weera, an older woman, is a friend of Parvana ’s family. A former gym teacher, Mrs. Weera is tall and athletic, and she insists that she’s not afraid of the Taliban because she could outrun the soldiers—and outfight them if necessary. In her youth she was a runner and earned medals for her ... Analysis. Parvana and Mother get home late. Parvana is exhausted and in excruciating pain. When she takes off her sandals, she sees that her feet are bloody and covered in blisters. Mother’s feet are worse; she hasn’t been out since the Taliban took over a year and a half ago. She could’ve gone out— Father would’ve taken her any time ...
Parvana relates a story about the mountain. She asked her father what the mountain name was and he answered: "Mount Parvana" (1.52). Father told her that people name mountains, so that's what he named this one; the whole liked that.. Bauchandlomb
Malali Symbol Analysis. The historical figure Malali symbolizes Parvana ’s vision of how she’d like to be seen as an Afghan woman: strong, courageous, and capable of creating change in her country. Malali was a 19th-century young woman who inspired Afghan troops and led them to victory during the war with the British, and Father tells ...Overview. Parvana’s Journey by Deborah Ellis follows 13-year-old Parvana as she makes her way across war-torn Afghanistan in search of her mother and siblings. Published in 2002, this novel is a sequel to the international bestseller The Breadwinner, which was adapted as a 2017 animated film, and is the second in a series of four called The ...Parvana is a novel written by Deborah Ellis. Parvana and Shauzia are 2 young girls who life in a Taliban ruled country, known as Afghanistan. Both girls are faced with many difficulties throughout the novel. The 2 girls are given the chance to leave the war-torn country and Shauzia immediately takes this chance.Un film de Nora TwomeyAdapté du roman de Deborah Ellis Une petite fille vivant en Afghanistan se déguise en garçon afin de pouvoir travailler et faire vivre ...Parwana: Directed by Jyoti Swaroop. With Navin Nischol, Amitabh Bachchan, Yogeeta Bali, Om Prakash. Kumar Sen is an artist of eminence, a talented painter, and a renowned sculptor; and like the majority of his clan, he has a sensitive introvert.Nooria is Parvana ’s 17-year-old sister. Nooria and Parvana’s relationship is strained because of their age difference and because Nooria seems, to Parvana, to be a fully-fledged adult—and a beautiful one at that. The girls… read analysis of NooriaShow another code: Type the code shown: The submitted code is incorrect: Forgot Password?498 Words2 Pages. Parvana Essay The novel Parvana written by Deborah Ellis shows the reader the difficulties people have to face in everyday life in Afghanistan, where the Taliban take control of everyone. This book is mainly about Parvana a young girl who’s willing to take risks to support her family . her doings demonstrates independence ... Especially as Parvana and her mostly female family members see and experience it, this is disastrous: the Taliban, to supposedly protect women, mandates that they cannot leave the house except with a male family member as an escort and cannot attend school or work. This poses a number of issues for Parvana’s family—her father, like many ... Mrs. Weera Character Analysis. Shauzia. Mrs. Weera, an older woman, is a friend of Parvana ’s family. A former gym teacher, Mrs. Weera is tall and athletic, and she insists that she’s not afraid of the Taliban because she could outrun the soldiers—and outfight them if necessary. In her youth she was a runner and earned medals for her ... Jul 23, 2002 · 13 reviews. April 30, 2013. Parvana's Journey by, Deborah Ellis is a continuation of the parvana's trials. Parvana goes on a journey looking for her family and picks up a few friends along the way. Following Parvana through the barren landscape of the Taliban infested deserts of Afghanistan is almost to much to bear. Chapter 2 Parvana completes her chores and helps to prepare dinner, and her father tells the story of Malali. Taliban soldiers burst in and take Parvana’s father away, beating and terrorizing the rest of the family as they do so. Chapter 3 Parvana and her mother go to the prison and demand her father’s release, but are beaten by Parvana flies at the soldiers as they drag Father out and down the stairs. Two more soldiers dig through the cupboard and slash the toshaks. Parvana is terrified—Father has English books hidden in the bottom of the cupboard, and the Taliban often burns books. Parvana screams at the soldiers to leave until they turn to beating her. Parvana Character Analysis. Parvana is the novel’s 11-year-old protagonist. She’s proud of being Afghan and adores Afghan history. She’s particularly fond of the historical figure Malali, who led Afghan troops to victory during the war with the British. Thinking of Malali often reminds Parvana to be brave.Parvana remembered arguments between her father and mother—her mother insisting they leave Afghanistan, her father insisting they stay. For the first time, Parvana wondered why her mother didn’t just leave. In an instant, she answered her own question. She couldn’t sneak away with four children to take care of. Parvana sees a young Talib man holding a rope strung with four severed hands, like beads on a necklace. In chapter twelve Parvana stays home for a few days, wanting not to see anything ugly for a little while. Mother and Mrs. Weera heard about the stadium event: it goes on every Friday. Parvana wonders if her father will be taken there.Sep 1, 2021 · A long-time feminist and anti-war activist, she is best known for The Parvana Trilogy, which has been published around the world in seventeen languages, with more than a million dollars in royalties donated to Street Kids International and to Women for Women, an organization that supports health and education projects in Afghanistan. In 2006 ... .